2010

Ifan Adriansyah Ismail
Ifan Adriansyah Ismail
Ifan Adriansyah Ismail
Ifan Adriansyah Ismail
Ifan Adriansyah Ismail
Ifan Adriansyah Ismail
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Aku menutup mata, maka aku ada (dan yang lain tidak)

Ifan Adriansyah Ismail
28 July 2011



Sumbunya tersulut di sebuah hari di awal Juni 2011.

Saat itu, sebuah komunitas memperkenalkan diri melalui video YouTube sebagai komunitas yang ingin menyajikan ulang Pancasila dan keindonesiaan sebagai sesuatu yang keren di mata anak-anak muda. Tentu ini patut diberi salut. Sesaat saya bersyukur, akhirnya ada yang berbuat lebih daripada saya yang selalu mengomel saja di kolom seperti ini. Dari fenomenanya, komunitas ini adalah bagian dari gelombang gerakan sosial dewasa ini yang ingin menyegarkan lagi semangat keindonesiaan, seperti acara Provocative Proactive, situs GNFI (Good News from Indonesia), dengan tingkat keberhasilan yang berbeda-beda.

Dalam metodenya, mereka mengadaptasi cara komunitas RSA (Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce) berpresentasi, yaitu dengan menganimasikan ilustrasi yang digambarkan mengiringi sebuah presentasi. RSA sendiri adalah sebuah komunitas internasional yang menjadikan diri sebagai forum terbuka untuk berbagi ide dan pencerahan, mirip dengan TEDx dan PechaKucha yang lebih dulu populer di Indonesia. Sekali lagi, patut diberi salut.

Namun video itu lalu memancing polemik ketika di dalam presentasinya mereka menyebut betapa “… Indonesia memang beda dengan bangsa lain di dunia. Juga beda dengan rumpun bangsa Melayu yang hanya bisa meniru…”

Melayu? Peniru? Mereka baru saja menuding ke sebuah bangsa/ras. Dan tuduhan semacam itu bisa menjadi serius, kawan.

Agaknya wajar jika lantas banyak yang keberatan, karena anggapan yang bersifat menuding ini menunjukkan beberapa kesalahan yang sangat mendasar. Pertama, menggeneralisir Melayu sebagai bangsa dengan karakteristik tertentu minimal sudah menunjukkan sikap rasialis. Kedua, ada problem serius dalam ingatan dan pengetahuan sejarah jika mereka yang berada di balik video ini menganggap dirinya “bukan Melayu”. Tentu itu jika kita menerima konsep Melayu sebagai rumpun suku dan ras yang nyatanya mencakup sebagian besar Indonesia sendiri. Jika kita bersikukuh dengan konsep Melayu sebagai ras/bangsa yang berbeda (dari Jawa dan Sunda, misalnya), maka masalah sama buruknya. Lupakah bahwa jutaan saudara sebangsa sendiri adalah ras Melayu yang tersebar minimal di seantero Sumatera?

Tapi baiklah, terlepas dari keabaian terhadap sejarah dan konsep ke-Melayu-an, tentu kita bisa menebak: yang dimaksud sebagai peniru hina itu adalah negeri jiran Malaysia. Seberapa tidak kreatifnya sebetulnya “bangsa Melayu” itu? Mari kita tengok.


Kembali ke khittah kolom: TV
Terus terang pengamatan ini memang hanya bisa dilakukan saat kita memiliki akses ke kanal saluran TV berbayar internasional, dalam hal ini Disney Channel dan Asia Food Channel. Cukup dengan menelusuri jadwal acaranya saja, kita akan bisa melihat kenyataannya—kalau memang mau melihat— bahwa kita ketinggalan start, lalu sibuk menuduh mereka curang tapi tak kunjung berlari juga.

Sebutlah yang paling kita kenal: Upin-Ipin, misalnya. Terpincut oleh kebersahajaan isinya, produser Disney Channel di Singapura memutuskan untuk membeli hak tayangnya. Lalu ada lagi karya-karya animasi Malaysia lain yang juga berhasil memamerkan diri di saluran Disney Asia, seperti Boboi Boy, Bola Kampung, dan Mat Kacau. Untuk produk siar non-animasi, ada Waktu Rehat, komedi situasi anak-anak sekolah yang hanya berlokasi di satu titik di sekolah itu. Lalu ada Kelas 6C, drama anak-anak yang bernuansa nostalgik ingin menampilkan kenangan bersekolah di Malaysia era 1980-an.

Di Asian Food Channel, berderet acara kuliner dan wisata Malaysia, seperti Icip-icip, Ho Chak, dan sebagainya. Jujur, miris hati ini melihat mereka bisa mempromosikan resep-resep kuliner yang—terima sajalah—memang telah menjadi milik nasional Malaysia ke tataran dunia. Di salah satu episode-nya pernah tampil sebuah rumah makan Padang yang terletak di sebuah jalan di kota Johor. Memang sang pemandu acara menyebutkan bahwa kuliner Padang berasal dari Sumatera di Indonesia. Legakah kita? Cukup begitu saja? Sementara itu, dunia menatap ke Malaysia dan tertarik ke sana.

Saya percaya banyak dari para aktivis gerakan-gerakan “Indonesia keren” yang cukup memiliki kemampuan untuk bisa mengakses tayangan-tayangan tersebut. Tinggal masalah apakah kita menutup mata, atau menampik kenyataan itu dengan anggapan di dasar hati, bahwa “kalau hanya begitu, kita juga bisa”? Nyatanya Malaysia bisa, dan acara-acara itu pun ditayangkan oleh saluran televisi bercakupan dunia, atau minimal setidaknya Asia. Saat gajah di pelupuk mata menutupi pandangan, “kuman-kuman” di seberang lautan itu aktif mempromosikan dan mengekspor nilai dan budaya mereka. Selagi “Indonesia yang keren” ini berkutat dengan kebanggaannya sendiri, “peniru-peniru” dari Melayu…, maaf, Malaysia itu giat dalam kompetisi budaya tataran internasional dengan sarana televisi.

Pertanyaan yang tersisa sederhana: kenapa kita tak kunjung membuat yang seperti itu?


Biang Kerok segi Politik-Ekonomi
Terbayang oleh saya sederet alasan yang bisa dilontarkan. Misalnya, “Kan mereka didukung negara!” atau, “Kan mereka punya akses mudah ke channel-channel internasional!”

Salah siapa? Kita bisa menyalahkan infrastuktur di sini, dan betapa dukungan untuk industri kreatif masih sebatas wacana dan hype belaka, sementara kejelasan dan kemauan untuk menciptakan suasana yang kondusif untuk itu belum juga tampak. Misalnya kemudahan pendanaan, perizinan, akses pasar ke dunia internasional yang mudah, dan sebagainya. Ketiadaan suasana yang kondusif itu membuat lahan industri konten siar kita bagaikan rimba yang ganas. Saling caplok, saling mangsa, bernyaman diri, sementara “penjaga rimba”-nya ongkang-ongkang kaki menerima setoran dari para predator. Tidak heran jika para PH (rumah-rumah produksi) di sini terjebak dalam dua pilihan ekstrim. Yang masih kecil—dan mungkin idealis—harus berjibaku di bawah ancaman ketiadaan infrastuktur dan hukum rimba tadi sehingga “terpaksa” melakukan pekerjaan serampangan hanya demi bertahan hidup. Yang sudah besar dan bermodal lebih dari cukup malah telanjur nyaman dan kehilangan visi, lalu dengan sukarela melakukan pekerjaan serampangan demi menggemukkan diri. Aneh, memang. Dua titik ekstrim, tetapi sama-sama serampangannya.

Tunggu. Masih ada alasan lain. “Kan mereka membajak tenaga kreatif kita!”

Yang ini jelas masih terkait dengan penyebab utamanya. Kenapa tenaga-tenaga kreatif kita tidak bisa berkembang di sini? Untuk kasus industri animasi misalnya, beberapa studio animasi di Jogja ternyata banyak yang mengerjakan pesanan animasi dari Malaysia. Intinya, kita menukang, dan mereka yang punya visi dan ide. Akibat lanjutannya: tidak peduli animasi Malaysia banyak yang sesungguhnya karya “anak bangsa”, narasi dan kisah yang tersaji ke dunia adalah narasi milik Malaysia sebagai bangsa. Sekali lagi, salah siapa?


Biang Kerok segi Sosial-Budaya
Baiklah. Kita sudahi keluhan soal minimnya dukungan pemerintah. Mari kita asumsikan insan-insan kreatif kita cukup punya keahlian dan modal untuk membuat konten siar—animasi ataupun live action—yang bermutu sambil mempersetankan acuhnya pemerintah. Namun punyakah kita sebuah visi yang luas?

Karena dari segi kreatif, saya kira kunci keberhasilan produksi acara-acara Malaysia terletak pada penyeimbangan tiga hal. [1] Kelokalan, yaitu kesederhanaan untuk menceritakan secara jujur dan bersahaja keseharian mereka sendiri dengan pondasi kisah lokal yang kuat; [2] kesadaran global, yaitu kesadaran untuk menceritakan kisah dalam tataran internasional, sehingga selalu berhasil menembus batas-batas budaya tanpa melupakan budaya. Di sini, positioning Malaysia dengan brand-nya “Truly Asia” betul-betul dimanfaatkan dan diolah. Branding yang cair dan jenial itu memungkinkan Malaysia secara umum melakukan konstruksi identitas secara aktif dan berkelanjutan. Yang terakhir adalah [3] kedekatan, yaitu kesadaran untuk peduli dan dekat pemirsanya tanpa harus terjerumus menghamba buta kepada “keinginan penonton”. Dengan meramu secara tepat tiga unsur itu, terciptalah karya-karya yang membumi, mengakar, tetapi juga penuh percaya diri berbicara ke panggung dunia.

Izinkan saya untuk memberi penekanan kepada tiga hal itu, karena saya khawatir, justru di sini kita lemah parah. Jangankan menyeimbangkan, ada atau tidaknya tiga unsur itu saja masih bisa dipertanyakan. Kenapa? Karena wacana industri kreatif Indonesia secara umum masih diracuni oleh tiga hal pula.

Yang pertama adalah nasionalisme sempit. Rasa goyah dan ketidakpercayaan diri sebagai bangsa—yang mungkin disebabkan krisis menahun segala bidang—menyebabkan kita bernaung di situ. Tengoklah kejadian sekitar Agustus 2010, ketika popularitas Upin-Ipin menyebabkan beberapa orang tokoh dan anggota DPR menjadi pendek akal, lalu mengusulkan pemboikotan acara itu dan menggantinya dengan Si Unyil semata karena alasan nasionalisme. Meneguhkan identitas diri dengan menampik yang lain? Apakah saya mencium gejala rendah diri yang kronis?

Harap diingat pula bahwa nasionalisme tidak serta merta membuat kita kuat dalam aspek kelokalan, karena bukankah nasionalisme adalah sesuatu yang dikonstruksi mati-matian, sementara kelokalan tumbuh secara alami dan jarang diperhatikan? Mental seperti ini berefek ganda. Selain menghambat kemampuan bersuara di tataran internasional karena malah sengaja mendirikan tembok batas, juga menyebabkan kita terbuai kejayaan budaya masa lalu (“Wayang! Candi! Batik!”) sembari melupakan proses panjang dan interaktif yang dilalui oleh leluhur untuk menghasilkan karya-karya budaya itu. Ujung-ujungnya, jika mental ini berlanjut, kita hanya menjadi jago kandang, yang bahkan di kandang sendiri pun nyatanya tidak jago-jago amat.

Racun kedua adalah penyakit pretensius. Kegandrungan beberapa elemen masyarakat kepada “pesan moral” dan “petuah” telah membuat kita terbata-bata sendiri untuk menceritakan kisah yang bersahaja. Kita menjadi tidak lancar bercerita. Kita terbebani oleh keharusan mengkhotbahkan hikmah dan petuah. Bukan berarti lantas saya anti terhadap “hikmah dalam kisah”, tetapi jujur sajalah, gejala yang satu ini bisa terjawab jika kita mau jujur menjawab pertanyaan, “Konten kreatif kita itu mau bercerita atau mau menasihati?” 

Racun ketiga adalah sesuatu yang entahlah penyebab atau akibat reaktif dari dua racun sebelumnya, yaitu nihil nilai. Inilah penyakit yang paling tampak gejalanya dalam industri televisi kita dalam bentuk sensasionalisme, humor kering makna, farce tak berkesudahan, artifialisme, paceklik gagasan..., dan lain-lainnya yang saya takutkan hanya menambah sekian paragraf berupa rentetan belaka.

Kita orang Indonesia yang kebetulan terdidik boleh saja menganggap pola pikir yang beredar di Malaysia tampak naif. Humor mereka seringkali terlihat lugu, ketinggalan zaman, dan bahkan ndeso. Namun adakah kita berpikir, jangan-jangan ke-ndeso-an mereka yang digabung dengan kesadaran global tadi yang membuat mereka fasih bersuara ke dunia internasional? Jangan-jangan itu yang membuat Upin-Ipin, Boboi Boy, Mat Kacau, Waktu Rehat, Kelas 6C dan lain-lain bisa dengan bangga mempersembahkan diri ke dunia?

Kalau sudah begini kasusnya, lalu siapa sebetulnya yang dimaksud dengan “bangsa Melayu yang hanya bisa meniru” itu? Dan omong-omong, bukankah metode presentasinya juga bisa dibilang “meniru” RSA?***




 


ilustrasi oleh Eko S. Bimantara

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